Electronic states refer to the specific energy levels that electrons can occupy within an atom, molecule, or solid material. These electronic states are determined by the interactions between electrons and the surrounding environment, such as other electrons, nuclei, and external fields. Understanding and characterizing electronic states is crucial in many areas of physics, chemistry, and materials science, as they govern the behavior of electrons in a given system. Researchers study electronic states to better understand phenomena such as conductivity, magnetism, and chemical reactivity, as well as to develop new materials and technologies with specific electronic properties. Techniques such as spectroscopy, quantum mechanics, and computational modeling are commonly used to investigate electronic states in various systems.